1 Initial Corpus generation & inspection

1.1 Corpus Creation

  1. Scopus download of documents retrieved from search string from Markard et al. (2012), resulting in ca 2.800 documents. Limited to LANGUAGE = ENGLISH AND TYPE = (ARTICLE OR OR BOOK OR BOOKCHAPTER OR EDITORIAL OR SHORT SURVEY).
  2. Selecting “seed” publications. 1% most cited total + 1% most cited per year + top3 cited papers from each 2015-2017. Ex-post manual insertion and exclusion (top 1% cited in total + per year, all papers from Markard et al. (2012), all 2011 & 2012special issue in the top-100 most citd, and lastly authority based). Results in 51 seed papers
  3. Retrieving for each seed 1000 publications with most shared references. Again, same limitations as in step 1. Also include top-1000 cited in the results of step 1. I excluded publications with less than on 1 citation per year, and citation before 1998 (start of the field, as we agreed in the last meeting).
  4. Adittional ex. post filterin. First, based on citations recieved and connectivity in bibliographic coupling network. Namely, I excluded edges in the bottom 10% quantile of the weight distribution (Jaccard weighted), also unconnected and nodes in the bottom 10% of the degree distribution. Lastly,after the community detection exercise, I excluded nodes in communities of less than 500 members.

That leads to an overal corpus size of:

## Number of unique publications in the final corpus:  12396

1.2 Seed Paper

In the following, we more in detail investigate the seed papers. Notice the adittional tabs for details on ou selection of seed papers.

1.2.1 Seep papers and corpus size

Generally, 51 x 1000 = 51.000 documents downloaded. However, due to an overlap of publications with most shared references to seed papers, final corpus is smaller.

First insight: Corpus appears to saturate between 20-40, but then introduced new seed lead to an again expanding corpus. Seems to be more from Ecology and Political Science. Along that lines, it appears the main Sustainability corpus seems saturated, expansion appears more in adjacent fields.

1.2.2 List of all seed papers

n AU1 PY TI SO TC TC_year
1 Geels F.W. 2002 Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a case-study Research Policy 1801 100.06
2 Geels F.W. & Schot J. 2007 Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways Research Policy 1415 108.85
3 Geels F.W. 2004 From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory Research Policy 1149 71.81
4 Kemp R. et al. 1998 Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: The approach of strategic niche management Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 1117 50.77
5 Unruh G.C. 2000 Understanding carbon lock-in Energy Policy 1035 51.75
6 Rotmans J. et al. 2001 More evolution than revolution: Transition management in public policy Foresight 857 45.11
7 Shove E. 2010 Beyond the ABC: Climate change policy and theories of social change Environment and Planning A 852 85.20
8 Smith A. et al. 2005 The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions Research Policy 848 56.53
9 Hekkert M.P. et al. 2007 Functions of innovation systems: A new approach for analysing technological change Technological Forecasting and Social Change 816 62.77
10 Markard J. et al. 2012 Sustainability transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects Research Policy 690 86.25
11 Garud R. & Karn<U+FFFD>e P. 2003 Bricolage versus breakthrough: Distributed and embedded agency in technology entrepreneurship Research Policy 686 40.35
12 Bergek A. et al. 2008 Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: A scheme of analysis Research Policy 647 53.92
13 Geels F.W. 2011 The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions: Responses to seven criticisms Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 589 65.44
14 Schot J. & Geels F.W. 2008 Strategic niche management and sustainable innovation journeys: Theory, findings, research agenda, and policy Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 576 48.00
15 Geels F.W. 2005 Technological transitions and system innovations: A co-evolutionary and socio-technical analysis Technological Transitions and System Innovation… 506 33.73
16 Jacobsson S. & Lauber V. 2006 The politics and policy of energy system transformation - Explaining the German diffusion of renewable energy technology Energy Policy 490 35.00
17 Jacobsson S. & Johnson A. 2000 The diffusion of renewable energy technology: An analytical framework and key issues for research Energy Policy 468 23.40
18 Geels F.W. 2010 Ontologies, socio-technical transitions (to sustainability), and the multi-level perspective Research Policy 459 45.90
19 Loorbach D. 2010 Transition management for sustainable development: A prescriptive, complexity-based governance framework Governance 459 45.90
20 Shove E. & Walker G. 2007 CAUTION! Transitions ahead: Politics, practice, and sustainable transition management Environment and Planning A 455 35.00
21 Smith A. & Raven R. 2012 What is protective space? Reconsidering niches in transitions to sustainability Research Policy 453 56.62
22 Markard J. & Truffer B. 2008 Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective: Towards an integrated framework Research Policy 445 37.08
23 Jacobsson S. & Bergek A. 2004 Transforming the energy sector: The evolution of technological systems in renewable energy technology Industrial and Corporate Change 367 22.94
24 Coenen L. et al. 2012 Toward a spatial perspective on sustainability transitions Research Policy 346 43.25
25 Shove E. & Walker G. 2010 Governing transitions in the sustainability of everyday life Research Policy 320 32.00
26 Verbong G. & Geels F. 2007 The ongoing energy transition: Lessons from a socio-technical, multi-level analysis of the Dutch electricity system (1960-2004) Energy Policy 320 24.62
27 Meadowcroft J. 2009 What about the politics? Sustainable development, transition management, and long term energy transitions Policy Sciences 315 28.64
28 Hodson M. & Marvin S. 2010 Can cities shape socio-technical transitions and how would we know if they were? Research Policy 311 31.10
29 Seyfang G. & Haxeltine A. 2012 Growing grassroots innovations: Exploring the role of community-based initiatives in governing sustainable energy transitions Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 305 38.12
30 Bulkeley H. & Cast<U+FFFD>n Broto V. 2013 Government by experiment? Global cities and the governing of climate change Transactions of the Institute of British Geogra… 301 43.00
31 Geels F.W. 2005 Processes and patterns in transitions and system innovations: Refining the co-evolutionary multi-level perspective Technological Forecasting and Social Change 293 19.53
32 Kemp R. et al. 2007 Transition management as a model for managing processes of co-evolution towards sustainable development International Journal of Sustainable Developmen… 282 21.69
33 Smith A. & Stirling A. 2010 The politics of social-ecological resilience and sustainable socio-technical transitions Ecology and Society 271 27.10
34 Weber K.M. & Rohracher H. 2012 Legitimizing research, technology and innovation policies for transformative change: Combining insights from innovation systems and multi-level perspective in a comprehensive ‘failures’ framework Research Policy 199 24.88
35 Nill J. & Kemp R. 2009 Evolutionary approaches for sustainable innovation policies: From niche to paradigm? Research Policy 199 18.09
36 Truffer B. & Coenen L. 2012 Environmental Innovation and Sustainability Transitions in Regional Studies Regional Studies 198 24.75
37 Kern F. & Smith A. 2008 Restructuring energy systems for sustainability? Energy transition policy in the Netherlands Energy Policy 197 16.42
38 Rotmans J. & Loorbach D. 2009 Complexity and transition management Journal of Industrial Ecology 187 17.00
39 Vo<U+FFFD> J.-P. et al. 2009 Designing long-term policy: Rethinking transition management Policy Sciences 184 16.73
40 Meadowcroft J. 2011 Engaging with the politics of sustainability transitions Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 179 19.89
41 Jacobsson S. & Bergek A. 2011 Innovation system analyses and sustainability transitions: Contributions and suggestions for research Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 179 19.89
42 Lawhon M. & Murphy J.T. 2012 Socio-technical regimes and sustainability transitions: Insights from political ecology Progress in Human Geography 177 22.12
43 Van Den Bergh J.C.J.M. et al. 2011 Environmental innovation and societal transitions: Introduction and overview Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 169 18.78
44 Stirling A. 2014 Transforming power: Social science and the politics of energy choices Energy Research and Social Science 167 27.83
45 Hargreaves T. et al. 2013 Grassroots innovations in community energy: The role of intermediaries in niche development Global Environmental Change 161 23.00
46 Hansen T. & Coenen L. 2015 The geography of sustainability transitions: Review, synthesis and reflections on an emergent research field Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 144 28.80
47 Geels F.W. et al. 2016 The enactment of socio-technical transition pathways: A reformulated typology and a comparative multi-level analysis of the German and UK low-carbon electricity transitions (1990-2014) Research Policy 132 33.00
48 Sovacool B.K. 2016 How long will it take? Conceptualizing the temporal dynamics of energy transitions Energy Research and Social Science 129 32.25
49 Kivimaa P. & Kern F. 2016 Creative destruction or mere niche support? Innovation policy mixes for sustainability transitions Research Policy 114 28.50
50 Turnheim B. et al. 2015 Evaluating sustainability transitions pathways: Bridging analytical approaches to address governance challenges Global Environmental Change 95 19.00
51 Luederitz C. et al. 2017 Learning through evaluation <U+FFFD> A tentative evaluative scheme for sustainability transition experiments Journal of Cleaner Production 52 17.33

1.3 Publications

Note: The following tables refer to the documents in the main corpus. Generally, dgr refers to the degree, n to the number of publications. Subscript .f indicates the number is fractionalized (divided by the number of elements per publication)

Authors
Journals
Institutions
countries
Keywords
AU n.f SO n C n.f C_CN n.f DE n
Geels F 33 Energy Policy 441 University of Sussex 154 United Kingdom 2273 innovation 717
Bulkeley H 21 Research Policy 349 Delft University of Technology 138 United States 2254 sustainability 376
Smith A 21 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 305 Wageningen University and Research Centre 133 Netherlands 1283 climate change 372
Nelson R 20 Journal of Cleaner Production 216 Lunds Universitet 133 Germany 639 governance 307
Leydesdorff L 17 Ecology and Society 164 Erasmus University Rotterdam 125 Sweden 636 sustainable development 220
Stirling A 17 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 153 University of Manchester 114 Australia 522 renewable energy 178
Shove E 16 European Planning Studies 144 Utrecht University 112 Canada 490 resilience 150
Cooke P 16 Sustainability (Switzerland) 144 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 97 Italy 410 institutions 144
Funk J 16 Energy Research and Social Science 134 Aalborg Universitet 92 Denmark 308 entrepreneurship 132
Meadowcroft J 16 Industrial and Corporate Change 119 Cardiff University 90 France 306 transition 132
Korhonen J 16 Ecological Economics 118 University of East Anglia 88 Norway 294 learning 130
Hekkert M 15 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 116 Lancaster University 87 Finland 260 technology 130
Raven R 14 Environment and Planning A 114 University of Cambridge 83 Spain 247 innovation policy 121
Kemp R 14 Regional Studies 112 University of Amsterdam 82 Austria 192 complexity 120
Boschma R 14 Global Environmental Change 108 UCL 80 Switzerland 179 china 119
Foxon T 14 Science and Public Policy 101 University of Edinburgh 74 China 159 transition management 119
Brown R 14 Technovation 96 Universitetet i Oslo 73 Japan 140 technological change 118
Sovacool B 13 Geoforum 91 Linköpings universitet 73 Belgium 138 energy 109
Jacobsson S 12 Environment and Planning C: Government and… 88 Arizona State University 73 South Korea 125 policy 106
Malerba F 12 Futures 80 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 73 Taiwan 98 political ecology 106

1.4 References cited

Note: The following tables refer to the cited references within the corpus. Number of citation always refers to the citations recieved by the documents in the main corpus.

## Number of unique references cited by the final corpus:  26202  (after removing references cited less than 2 times)

This appears to be rather low, only slightly more than 2x more than publications. However, the original number is way higher (ca 200.000), but after excluding (NW based) unconnected or marginally connected references, it drops substantially. This is an indicator that many of the references are cited very few times in the corpus, and the resulting ones represents a somewhat common core.

Authors
Journals
References
AU TC.f n.f TC_n SO TC n TC_n SR TC
Geels F 4236 48 72 Research Policy 16865 564 30 Winter S (1982) An Evolutionary Theory… 1686
Nelson R 2618 79 32 Energy Policy 8726 581 15 Lundvall B (1993) National Systems of In… 1102
Winter S 2461 39 48 Strategic Management Journal 4976 314 16 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 928
Lundvall B 2350 46 44 Administrative Science Quarterly 4572 213 21 Dosi G (1982) Research Policy 897
Dosi G 1919 37 33 Regional Studies 3388 208 16 Nelson R (1993) National Innovation Sy… 714
Freeman C 1875 42 49 Organization Science 3377 212 16 Schumpeter J (1934) Theory of Economic Dev… 707
Kemp R 1872 43 47 Academy of Management Review 3182 181 18 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Research Policy 688
Latour B 1736 47 36 Industrial and Corporate Change 3120 180 17 Kemp R et al. (1998) Technology Analysis an… 650
Porter M 1700 36 40 Environment and Planning A 2692 197 14 Yin R (1984) Case Study Research: D… 624
Schumpeter J 1695 21 81 American Economic Review 2620 113 23 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) In: Rayner, S., Malone… 613
Shove E 1610 38 39 Ecology and Society 2473 140 18 Rogers E (1996) The Diffusion of Innov… 586
Smith A 1562 38 43 Global Environmental Change 2420 146 17 Arthur B (1989) Economics Journal 583
Schot J 1373 20 74 Technological Forecasting and So… 2361 109 22 Cohen W & Levinthal D (1990) Admin. Sci. Quart. 580
Rosenberg N 1359 36 36 Progress in Human Geography 2182 121 18 Porter M (1990) The Competitive Advant… 544
Ostrom E 1249 37 29 Journal of Economic Geography 2168 100 22 Freeman C (1987) Technology Policy and … 543
Giddens A 1239 19 64 Academy of Management Journal 2021 162 12 Rotmans J et al. (2001) Foresight 542
Edquist C 1206 22 44 Futures 1915 104 18 David P (1985) American Economic Review 534
Cooke P 1194 52 28 Management Science 1892 127 15 Schumpeter J (1934) Capitalism, Socialism,… 533
Hughes T 1164 17 64 Ecological Economics 1851 137 14 Henderson R & Clark K (1990) Administrative Science… 503
David P 1102 34 29 Science 1758 97 18 Smith A et al. (2005) Research Policy 502

2 Topic modelling

I by now created some topic modelling. The results are now more fine-tuned, but there is still room for some improvement. We ran a LDA on the titles + abstracts of our corpus, aiming at identifying 10 topics (some different numbers of topics to generate shows that 10 result in good results, more topics lead to too much overlap between them)

2.1 Topics by topwords

This might still be finetuned, but initially doesnt look that bad I think. All the topics for me seem to be somewhat identifiable. We should maybe start naming them to make their interpretation later easier.

2.2 Topics over time

Here, we see quite a shift in the discourse over timee. Notably, topic 5 (technology & industry dynamics related) over time lost quite a bit in popularity, while particularly topic 2 (energy & policy), topic 6 (transition management), and topic 9 (policy & governance) gained.

2.3 LDAViz

Here you find a nice way of exploring topics via the LDAVIz methodology of visulizing the result of an LDA. It dispolays all topics in a 2 dimensional TSNE (similar to PCA, but optimized for graphical illustration in 2d), and also gives a nice visual representation over the topics top-word distribution and overall frequencies of this words in the corpus. The \(\lambda\) parameter regulates the importance-ordering of the topwords. High \(\lambda\) order words by the highest propability to appear in the topic to the lowest (independent of the overall word popularity in the corpus), whle low \(\lambda\) emphasize words which are very specific to the topic, and rarely appear in others.

Play a bit around. It’s a bit condensed here in the small view, but you can also load it HERE in fullscreen for a better overview.

3 Knowledge Bases: Co-Citation network analysis

Note: This analysis refers the co-citation analysis, where the cited references and not the original publications are the unit of analysis. See tab Technical descriptionfor additional explanations

3.1 Knowledge Bases summary

3.1.1 Main Indicators

In order to partition networks into components or clusters, we deploy a community detection technique based on the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). The Lovain Algorithm is a heuristic method that attempts to optimize the modularity of communities within a network by maximizing within- and minimizing between-community connectivity. We identify the following communities = knowledge bases

It is not the main focus of this exercise, but still informative to see which historical knowledge the fields draws from.

We identify 9 communities of varyying size (note: I just gave it some ad-hoc names to work with for now. Should be revised).

3.1.2 Development of Knowledge Bases

Lets do a first attempt to categorize them. Notice the tabs for details.

3.2 Detailed look at the knowledge bases

3.2.1 Knowledge base 1

Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Winter S 105 Research Policy 155 Winter S (1982) An Evolutionary Theory… 65
Tushman M 66 Strategic Management Journal 127 Dosi G (1982) Research Policy 34
Dosi G 64 Administrative Science Quarterly 123 Henderson R & Clark K (1990) Administrative Science… 29
Utterback J 62 An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change 65 Tushman M & Anderson P (1986) Administrative Science… 28
Clark K 53 Organization Science 56 Schumpeter J (1934) Theory of Economic Dev… 25
March J 52 Industrial and Corporate Change 46 Cohen W & Levinthal D (1990) Admin. Sci. Quart. 22
Schumpeter J 52 American Economic Review 44 Utterback J (1994) Mastering the Dynamics… 20
Levinthal D 52 Academy of Management Review 34 Schumpeter J (1934) Capitalism, Socialism,… 19
Nelson R 47 Management Science 32 Abernathy W & Utterback J (1978) Technology Review 19
Anderson P 47 Admin. Sci. Quart. 25 Arthur B (1989) Economics Journal 18

Seems to be pretty much industry & technology dynamics, evolutionary economics, organizational learning classics.

3.2.2 Knowledge base 2

Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Lundvall B 74 Regional Studies 101 Lundvall B (1993) National Systems of In… 33
Boschma R 73 Research Policy 86 Porter M (1990) The Competitive Advant… 22
Maskell P 62 Journal of Economic Geography 84 Bathelt H et al. (2004) Progress in Human Geog… 21
Cooke P 61 Economic Geography 45 Nelson R (1993) National Innovation Sy… 19
Malmberg A 56 Progress in Human Geography 43 Freeman C (1987) Technology Policy and … 17
Asheim B 52 National Systems of Innovation. 33 Boschma R (2005) Regional Studies 17
Storper M 41 European Planning Studies 32 Saxenian A (1996) Regional Advantage: Cu… 16
Martin R 40 Cambridge Journal of Economics 28 Storper M (1997) The Regional World 14
Gertler M 37 Industrial and Corporate Change 26 Marshall A (1920) Principles of Economic… 14
Freeman C 35 The Oxford Handbook of Innovation 24 Asheim B & Gertler M (2005) The Oxford Handbook of… 12

That one appears to be also a bit classic, but way more with a geographical focus, or generally pronouncing the role of space.

3.2.3 Knowledge base 3

Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Geels F 159 Research Policy 183 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 30
Kemp R 102 Energy Policy 118 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Research Policy 23
Schot J 92 Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 43 Kemp R et al. (1998) Technology Analysis an… 22
Smith A 77 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 41 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) In: Rayner, S., Malone… 19
Rotmans J 57 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 33 Smith A et al. (2005) Research Policy 18
Truffer B 51 Futures 21 Rotmans J et al. (2001) Foresight 17
Raven R 50 In: Rayner, S., Malone, E.L. (Eds), Human … 19 Geels F (2004) Research Policy 15
Jacobsson S 44 Foresight 18 Unruh G (2000) Energy Policy 15
Loorbach D 39 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 17 Hekkert M et al. (2007) Technological Forecast… 12
Hoogma R 38 Policy Sciences 16 Shove E & Walker G (2007) Environment and Planni… 10

This appears to be the sustainable transitions internal knowledge base. Notice that it seems to be rather young, almost no central references pre-2000

3.2.4 Knowledge base 4

Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Howlett M 17 Public Administration Review 11 Kingdon J (1995) Agendas, Alternatives … 8
Fischer F 16 Public Administration 9 Hajer M (1995) The Politics of Enviro… 6
Rhodes R 14 Journal of Public Policy 9 Kickert W et al. (1997) Managing Complex Netwo… 4
Sabatier P 12 Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies 8 Fischer F (2003) Reframing Public Polic… 4
Ingram H 12 Policy Sciences 7 Fischer F & Forester J (1993) The Argumentative Turn… 4
Schneider A 12 American Political Science Review 7 Schneider A & Ingram H (1997) Policy Design for Demo… 4
Dryzek J 11 Political Studies 6 Sabatier P & Jenkins-Smith H (1993) Policy Change and Lear… 4
Hajer M 11 The Politics of Environmental Discourse 6 Schon D & Rein M (1994) Frame Reflection: Towa… 4
Lindblom C 10 Journal of Public Administration Research … 6 Rhodes R (2001) Understanding Governan… 4
Klijn E 10 The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis … 6 Koppenjan J & Klijn H (2004) Managing Uncertainties… 4

Know to little about this literature, but seems to be more policy & governance.

3.2.5 Knowledge base 5

Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Shove E 44 Journal of Consumer Culture 23 Reckwitz A (2002) European Journal of So… 13
Schatzki T 23 European Journal of Social Theory 14 Shove E (2003) Comfort, Cleanliness a… 10
Latour B 23 Comfort, Cleanliness and Convenience: The … 10 Warde A (2005) Journal of Consumer Cu… 9
Reckwitz A 15 Environment and Planning A 8 Schatzki T (1996) Social Practices: A Wi… 7
Bijker W 14 Social Practices: A Wittgensteinian approa… 7 Schatzki T (2002) The Site of the Social… 6
Pantzar M 13 The Social Construction of Technological S… 7 Shove E et al. (2012) The Dynamics of Social… 6
Warde A 13 The Site of the Social: A philosophical ac… 6 Giddens A (1984) The Constitution of So… 6
Giddens A 11 The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory 6 Shove E (2010) Environment and Planni… 6
Pinch T 11 Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studi… 6 Shove E & Pantzar M (2005) Journal of Consumer Cu… 5
Bourdieu P 10 The Dynamics of Social Practice: Everyday … 6 Bourdieu P (1977) Outline of a Theory of… 5

More sociology, social practice, consumer behavior

3.2.6 Knowledge base 6

Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Folke C 75 Ecology and Society 56 Folke C et al. (2005) Annual Review of Envir… 10
Holling C 45 Global Environmental Change 26 Gunderson L & Holling C (2002) Panarchy: Understandin… 8
Olsson P 36 Science 19 Olsson P et al. (2006) Ecology and Society 7
Carpenter S 35 Annual Review of Environment and Resources 14 Folke C (2006) Global Environmental C… 6
Ostrom E 33 Nature 8 Walker B et al. (2004) Ecology and Society 6
Walker B 33 Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in… 8 Holling C (1973) Annual Review of Ecolo… 6
Gunderson L 26 Ecosystems 7 Berkes F et al. (2003) Navigating Nature’s Dy… 5
Berkes F 24 Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 7 Ostrom E (2009) Science 5
Hahn T 16 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 5 Ostrom E (1990) Governing the Commons:… 4
Adger W 14 Navigating Nature’s Dynamics: Building Res… 5 Ostrom E (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 4

Ecology and enviromental science

3.2.7 Knowledge base 7

Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Bulkeley H 31 Progress in Human Geography 14 Robbins P (2004) Political Ecology: A C… 5
Betsill M 17 Geoforum 9 Raymond B & Bailey S (1997) Third World Political … 5
Swyngedouw E 16 Antipode 9 Forsyth T (2003) Critical Political Eco… 4
Blaikie P 10 Environment and Planning A 8 Blaikie P & Brookfield H (1987) Land Degradation and S… 4
Robbins P 10 Local Environ 6 Blaikie P (1985) The Political Economy … 3
Watts M 8 Annals of the Association of American Geog… 6 Swyngedouw E & Heynen N (2003) Antipode 3
Heynen N 6 Global Environmental Politics 6 Betsill M & Bulkeley H (2008) Local Environment 3
Harvey D 6 Political Ecology: A Critical Introduction 5 Peet R & Watts M (2004) Liberation Ecologies: … 3
Forsyth T 5 Political Geography 5 Bulkeley H & Betsill M (2003) Cities and Climate Cha… 3
Bakker K 5 Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Develop… 5 Bulkeley H (2005) Polit. Geogr 3

Also ecology, but with a more geographical focus.

3.2.8 Knowledge base 8

Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Shane S 30 Academy of Management Review 30 Shane S & Venkataraman S (2000) Academy of Management … 12
Venkataraman S 23 Journal of Business Venturing 29 Shane S (2000) Organization Science 9
Kirzner I 17 Academy of Management Journal 21 Venkataraman S (1997) Advances in Entreprene… 8
Aldrich H 16 Administrative Science Quarterly 15 Kirzner I (1973) Competition and Entrep… 7
Gartner W 14 Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 13 DiMaggio P & Powell W (1983) American Sociological … 6
DiMaggio P 12 Organization Science 12 Kirzner I (1997) Journal of Economic Li… 6
Davidsson P 10 Academy of Management Review. 12 Knight F (1921) Risk, Uncertainty and … 6
Lawrence T 9 American Sociological Review 10 Aldrich H & Fiol C (1994) Academy of Management … 5
Powell W 9 Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergen… 9 Scott W (1995) Institutions and Organ… 4
Sarasvathy S 9 American Journal of Sociology 9 Aldrich H (1999) Organizations Evolving 4

Entrepreneurship

3.2.9 Knowledge base 9

Authors
Journals
References
AU dgr.f SO dgr SR dgr
Folke C 75 Ecology and Society 56 Folke C et al. (2005) Annual Review of Envir… 10
Holling C 45 Global Environmental Change 26 Gunderson L & Holling C (2002) Panarchy: Understandin… 8
Olsson P 36 Science 19 Olsson P et al. (2006) Ecology and Society 7
Carpenter S 35 Annual Review of Environment and Resources 14 Folke C (2006) Global Environmental C… 6
Ostrom E 33 Nature 8 Walker B et al. (2004) Ecology and Society 6
Walker B 33 Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in… 8 Holling C (1973) Annual Review of Ecolo… 6
Gunderson L 26 Ecosystems 7 Berkes F et al. (2003) Navigating Nature’s Dy… 5
Berkes F 24 Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 7 Ostrom E (2009) Science 5
Hahn T 16 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 5 Ostrom E (1990) Governing the Commons:… 4
Adger W 14 Navigating Nature’s Dynamics: Building Res… 5 Ostrom E (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 4

Enviromental science, system modeling.

3.3 Technical description

In a co-cittion network, the strength of the relationship between a reference pair \(m\) and \(n\) (\(s_{m,n}^{coc}\)) is expressed by the number of publications \(C\) which are jointly citing reference \(m\) and \(n\).

\[s_{m,n}^{coc} = \sum_i c_{i,m} c_{i,n}\]

The intuition here is that references which are frequently cited together are likely to share commonalities in theory, topic, methodology, or context. It can be interpreted as a measure of similarity as evaluated by other researchers that decide to jointly cite both references. Because the publication process is time-consuming, co-citation is a backward-looking measure, which is appropriate to map the relationship between core literature of a field.

4 Research Areas: Bibliographic coupling analysis

This is arguably the more interesting part. Here, we identify the literature’s current knowledge frontier by carrying out a bibliographic coupling analysis of the publications in our corpus. This measure uses bibliographical information of publications to establish a similarity relationship between them. Again, method details to be found in the tab Technical description. As you will see, we identify the more narrow research community of Sustainability Transitions (in which we will zoom in later), but also a set of adjacent research areas with some theoretical/methodological/application overlap.

4.1 Research Areas main summary

4.1.1 Main Characteristics

To identify communities in the field’s knowledge frontier (labeled research areas) we again use the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). We identify the following communities = research areas.

Again, I made a very provisional attempt to name them. Has to be revised by someone that spends more time on that and knows it better.

4.1.2 Development

We again see quite some dynamics….

4.1.3 Connectivity between the research areas

We see that…

4.2 Research Areas in detail

Lets again classify them one-by-one. Brief reminder: Centrality in a bibliographic coupling network == representativeness != importance. Therefore, the central articles should be appropriate to characterize the kind of work done in the community, but are not necessarily the most important or influencial ones.

4.2.1 Research Area 1

4.2.1.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Leydesdorff L 1201 Research Policy 7781 University of Sussex 1846 innovation 9268 Nelson R & Winter S (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change 677
Malerba F 1104 Industrial and Corporate Change 2936 Università Bocconi 1516 technological change 1802 Dosi G (1982) Research Policy 361
Nelson R 1080 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2920 University of Manchester 1489 technology 1461 Cohen W & Levinthal D (1990) Administrative Science Quarterly 245
Fagerberg J 549 Technovation 2616 University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School 1421 innovation policy 1409 Henderson R & Clark K (1990) Administrative Science Quarterly 233
Dosi G 539 Journal of Evolutionary Economics 1471 Utrecht University 1394 evolutionary economics 1252 Tushman M & Anderson P (1986) Administrative Science Quarterly 213
Verspagen B 498 Strategic Management Journal 1351 Lunds Universitet 1365 innovation systems 1249 Lundvall B (1992) National Systems of Innovation: Towards a … 186
Lundvall B 457 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 1278 Aalborg Universitet 1223 entrepreneurship 1148 Dosi G (1988) Journal of Economic Literature 185
Funk J 453 Organization Science 1247 Columbia University in the City of New York 1093 learning 1092 Pavitt K (1984) Research Policy 171
Winter S 437 Energy Policy 1154 Alliance Manchester Business School 1007 patents 1057 Teece D et al. (1997) Strategic Management Journal 169
Frenken K 407 Industry and Innovation 1048 Harvard Business School 967 innovation system 1043 Abernathy W & Utterback J (1978) Technology Review 167

4.2.1.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Fagerberg J & Sapprasert K 2011 National innovation systems: The emergence of a new approach Science and Public Policy 97.443
Malerba F & Mani S 2009 Sectoral systems of innovation and production in developing countries: An introduction Sectoral Systems of Innovation and Product… 96.228
Lee J & Park C 2006 Research and development linkages in a national innovation system: Factors affecting success and failure in Korea Technovation 82.411
Hall J & Kerr R 2003 Innovation dynamics and environmental technologies: The emergence of fuel cell technology Journal of Cleaner Production 79.390
Wu X et al. 2009 Accelerating secondary innovation through organizational learning: A case study and theoretical analysis Industry and Innovation 78.948
Levitas E et al. 2006 Survival and the introduction of new technology: A patent analysis in the integrated circuit industry Journal of Engineering and Technology Mana… 77.866
Malerba F 2004 Sectoral systems of innovation: Basic concepts Sectoral Systems of Innovation: Concepts, … 77.712
Midttun A 2007 Corporate responsibility from a resource and knowledge perspective Towards a dynamic reinterpretation of C(S)R: Are corporate responsibility and in… Corporate Governance 77.650
Malerba F & Nelson R 2011 Learning and catching up in different sectoral systems: Evidence from six industries Industrial and Corporate Change 76.518
Laursen K & Salter A 2006 Open for innovation: The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms Strategic Management Journal 76.441

4.2.1.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.2 Research Area 2

4.2.2.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Geels F 1920 Energy Policy 4069 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 3137 sustainability 2779 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 334
Raven R 1507 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 3552 University of Sussex 2757 multi-level perspective 2350 Unruh G (2000) Energy Policy 264
Smith A 1198 Research Policy 2439 Utrecht University 1632 transition management 2197 Rotmans J et al. (2001) Foresight 262
Truffer B 1031 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 2363 Delft University of Technology 1551 transitions 2194 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Research Policy 250
Hekkert M 976 Journal of Cleaner Production 2142 Erasmus University Rotterdam 1455 transition 2140 Smith A et al. (2005) Research Policy 194
Kemp R 735 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 1851 Wageningen University and Research Centre 1397 innovation 2129 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) Human Choice and Climate Change 188
Foxon T 693 Energy Research and Social Science 968 Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science… 1210 sustainability transitions 1943 Kemp R et al. (1998) Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 179
Markard J 656 Global Environmental Change 784 University of East Anglia 1061 strategic niche management 1719 Geels F (2004) Research Policy 172
Brown R 584 Futures 729 University of Leeds 925 renewable energy 1386 Geels F (2002) Res. Policy 157
Kern F 561 Environment and Planning A 648 Lunds Universitet 922 governance 1350 Geels F (2005) Technological Transitions and System Innov… 127

4.2.2.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Genus A & Coles A 2008 Rethinking the multi-level perspective of technological transitions Research Policy 77.575
Geels F 2005 Processes and patterns in transitions and system innovations: Refining the co-evolutionary multi-level perspective Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77.517
Meelen T & Farla J 2013 Towards an integrated framework for analysing sustainable innovation policy Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 76.888
Ingram J et al. 2015 Interactions between Niche and Regime: An Analysis of Learning and Innovation Networks for Sustainable Agriculture across Europe Journal of Agricultural Education and Exte… 73.001
Markard J & Truffer B 2008 Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective: Towards an integrated framework Research Policy 72.850
Ingram J 2015 Framing niche-regime linkage as adaptation: An analysis of learning and innovation networks for sustainable agriculture across Europe Journal of Rural Studies 72.004
Mazur C et al. 2015 Assessing and comparing German and UK transition policies for electric mobility Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 71.600
Fuenfschilling L & Truffer B 2014 The structuration of socio-technical regimes - Conceptual foundations from institutional theory Research Policy 70.645
Murphy J & Smith A 2013 Understanding transition-periphery dynamics: Renewable energy in the highlands and Islands of Scotland Environment and Planning A 70.561
Lachman D 2013 A survey and review of approaches to study transitions Energy Policy 70.555

4.2.2.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.3 Research Area 3

4.2.3.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Folke C 173 Ecology and Society 1280 Wageningen University and Research Centre 478 governance 924 Folke C et al. (2005) Annual Review of Environment and Resources 91
Klijn E 172 Global Environmental Change 376 Stockholms universitet 445 resilience 911 Ostrom E (2009) Science 82
Pahl-Wostl C 165 Geoforum 322 Erasmus University Rotterdam 391 climate change 578 Blaikie P & Brookfield H (1987) Land Degradation and Society 70
Edelenbos J 137 Journal of Cleaner Production 189 Arizona State University 334 political ecology 558 Olsson P et al. (2006) Ecology and Society 70
Korhonen J 128 Policy Sciences 185 Delft University of Technology 326 sustainability 548 Walker B et al. (2004) Ecology and Society 70
Olsson P 122 Environmental Science and Policy 184 University of East Anglia 324 social-ecological systems 421 Gunderson L & Holling C (2002) Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in… 69
Torfing J 107 Progress in Human Geography 173 University of Amsterdam 218 adaptive management 416 Folke C (2006) Global Environmental Change 68
Gunderson L 94 Environment and Planning A 168 Indiana University 198 adaptive governance 398 Bryant R & Bailey S (1997) Third World Political Ecology 66
Termeer C 91 Public Administration 159 Universität Osnabrück 197 complexity 393 Rittel H & Webber M (1973) Policy Sciences 59
Carpenter S 90 Ecological Economics 158 University of Queensland 173 sustainable development 330 Dietz T et al. (2003) Science 58

4.2.3.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Lauer M et al. 2013 Globalization, Pacific Islands, and the paradox of resilience Global Environmental Change 25.143
Mitchell M et al. 2014 Applying Resilience Thinking to Natural Resource Management through a "“Planning-By-Doing”" Framework Society and Natural Resources 23.101
Goldstein B 2009 Resilience to surprises through communicative planning Ecology and Society 22.752
Chaffin B et al. 2014 A decade of adaptive governance scholarship: Synthesis and future directions Ecology and Society 22.201
Gerlak A 2014 Policy interactions in human-landscape systems Environmental Management 22.015
Gunderson L et al. 2006 Water RATs (resilience, adaptability, and transformability) in lake and wetland social-ecological systems Ecology and Society 21.950
Termeer C et al. 2010 Disentangling scale approaches in governance research: Comparing monocentric, multilevel, and adaptive governance Ecology and Society 21.915
Soane I et al. 2012 Exploring panarchy in alpine Grasslands: An application of adaptive cycle concepts to the conservation of a cultural landscape Ecology and Society 20.924
Mendez P et al. 2012 Facilitating transitional processes in rigid institutional regimes for water management and wetland conservation: Experience from the Guadalquivir … Ecology and Society 20.337
Hayward G et al. 2007 Research article: Social learning outcomes in the Red River Floodway environmental assessment Environmental Practice 19.471

4.2.3.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.4 Research Area 4

4.2.4.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Boschma R 366 European Planning Studies 1044 Lunds Universitet 1018 innovation 670 Bathelt H et al. (2004) Progress in Human Geography 176
Asheim B 318 Regional Studies 995 Utrecht University 415 clusters 637 Boschma R (2005) Regional Studies 136
Coenen L 286 Journal of Economic Geography 583 University of Toronto 365 proximity 390 Porter M (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nations 117
Todtling F 230 Environment and Planning A 354 University of Agder 276 evolutionary economic geography 309 Morgan K (1997) Regional Studies 101
Grillitsch M 217 Economic Geography 320 Wirtschaftsuniversitat Wien 269 regional development 303 Maskell P & Malmberg A (1999) Cambridge Journal of Economics 96
Isaksen A 213 Progress in Human Geography 304 The Urban and Regional Research Centre Utr… 214 regional innovation systems 282 Gertler M (2003) Journal of Economic Geography 95
Moodysson J 194 Research Policy 295 London School of Economics and Political S… 205 institutions 268 Storper M (1997) The Regional World: Territorial Developmen… 94
Trippl M 192 European Urban and Regional Studies 249 University of Glasgow 168 networks 259 Frenken K et al. (2007) Regional Studies 92
Martin R 186 Industry and Innovation 238 Uppsala Universitet 167 knowledge 253 Saxenian A (1994) Regional Advantage: Culture and Competitio… 92
Hassink R 177 Environment and Planning C: Government and… 192 University of Cambridge 164 path dependence 250 Granovetter M (1985) American Journal of Sociology 86

4.2.4.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Lazzeretti L et al. 2014 Founders and disseminators of cluster research Journal of Economic Geography 29.700
Giuliani E 2007 The selective nature of knowledge networks in clusters: Evidence from the wine industry Journal of Economic Geography 29.664
Fitjar R & Rodriguez-Pose A 2013 Firm collaboration and modes of innovation in Norway Research Policy 29.584
Boschma R & Frenken K 2012 Technological relatedness and regional branching Beyond Territory: Dynamic Geographies of K… 27.309
Martin R 2012 Measuring Knowledge Bases in Swedish Regions European Planning Studies 26.828
Martin R & Moodysson J 2011 Innovation in symbolic industries: The geography and organization of knowledge sourcing European Planning Studies 26.741
Eriksson R 2011 Localized Spillovers and Knowledge Flows: How Does Proximity Influence the Performance of Plants? Economic Geography 26.608
Trippl M et al. 2015 Perspectives on Cluster Evolution: Critical Review and Future Research Issues European Planning Studies 26.280
Visser E 2009 The complementary dynamic effects of clusters and networks Industry and Innovation 25.925
Cruz S & Teixeira A 2010 The evolution of the cluster literature: Shedding light on the regional studies-regional science debate Regional Studies 25.868

4.2.4.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.5 Research Area 5

4.2.5.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Shove E 350 Journal of Consumer Culture 470 RMIT University 495 practice theory 1041 Reckwitz A (2002) European Journal of Social Theory 175
Strengers Y 297 Energy Research and Social Science 401 Lancaster University 494 sustainable consumption 717 Warde A (2005) Journal of Consumer Culture 136
Maller C 260 Energy Policy 363 University of Manchester 476 social practices 476 Shove E (2003) Comfort, Cleanliness and Convenience: The … 97
Gram-Hanssen K 206 Building Research and Information 260 Aalborg Universitet 365 social practice theory 420 Schatzki T (1996) Social Practices: A Wittgensteinian Approa… 86
Halkier B 166 Journal of Cleaner Production 213 University of East Anglia 261 consumption 400 Shove E & Pantzar M (2005) Journal of Consumer Culture 86
Spaargaren G 141 Environment and Planning A 152 UCL 215 practice 336 Shove E (2010) Environment and Planning A 68
Ropke I 140 Sustainable Practices: Social Theory and C… 139 University of Sheffield 203 social practice 331 Giddens A (1984) The Constitution of Society 57
Watson M 128 Global Environmental Change 131 Wageningen University and Research Centre 198 sustainability 311 Schatzki T (2002) The Site of the Social: A Philosophical Ac… 52
Hargreaves T 123 ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interac… 121 Roskilde University 169 everyday life 287 Shove E et al. (2012) The Dynamics of Social Practice: Everyday … 44
Warde A 121 International Journal of Consumer Studies 121 University of Durham 142 practices 278 Stern P (2000) Journal of Social Issues 44

4.2.5.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Gram-Hanssen K 2011 Understanding change and continuity in residential energy consumption Journal of Consumer Culture 40.009
Shove E & Spurling N 2013 Sustainable practices: Social theory and climate change Sustainable Practices: Social Theory and C… 37.179
Hargreaves T 2011 Practice-ing behaviour change: Applying social practice theory to pro-environmental behaviour change Journal of Consumer Culture 35.218
Foulds C et al. 2013 Investigating the performance of everyday domestic practices using building monitoring Building Research and Information 34.956
Maller C 2015 Understanding health through social practices: Performance and materiality in everyday life Sociology of Health and Illness 34.762
Mylan J 2015 Understanding the diffusion of Sustainable Product-Service Systems: Insights from the sociology of consumption and practice theory Journal of Cleaner Production 34.170
Gram-Hanssen K 2010 Residential heat comfort practices: Understanding users Building Research and Information 33.673
Jaeger-Erben M & Offenberger U 2014 A practice theory approach to sustainable consumption GAIA 33.605
Bartiaux F et al. 2014 A practice-theory approach to homeowners’ energy retrofits in four European areas Building Research and Information 33.474
Seo Y & Jung S 2016 Beyond solitary play in computer games: The social practices of eSports Journal of Consumer Culture 32.398

4.2.5.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.6 Research Area 6

4.2.6.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Popp D 100 Climatic Change 226 Potsdam Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung 137 climate change 253 Wigley T et al. (1996) Nature 48
Riahi K 84 Energy Economics 173 International Institute for Applied System… 127 environmental policy 168 Milliman S & Prince R (1989) Journal of Environmental Economics and Man… 32
Kriegler E 70 Ecological Economics 153 National Bureau of Economic Research 108 innovation 125 Nordhaus W (1994) Managing the Global Commons: The Economics… 31
Mendelsohn R 67 Energy Policy 102 Stanford University 108 climate policy 118 Lanjouw J & Mody A (1996) Research Policy 30
Schlesinger M 60 Environmental and Resource Economics 83 Syracuse University 78 r&d 95 Brunnermeier S & Cohen M (2003) Journal of Environmental Economics and Man… 28
Edmonds J 59 Journal of Environmental Economics and Man… 79 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 73 technological change 83 Goulder L & Schneider S (1999) Resource and Energy Economics 27
van Vuuren D 54 Resource and Energy Economics 71 PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment A… 68 patents 79 Schneider S & Goulder L (1997) Nature 27
Jacoby H 45 Research Policy 60 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 67 induced innovation 73 Cline W (1992) The Economics of Global Warming 25
Johnstone N 43 Nature 59 Carnegie Mellon University 67 environmental innovation 70 Goulder L & Mathai K (2000) Journal of Environmental Economics and Man… 25
Tavoni M 43 Environmental Modeling and Assessment 51 Utrecht University 65 energy efficiency 60 Jaffe A & Palmer K (1997) Review of Economics and Statistics 24

4.2.6.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Manne A & Richels R 2004 The impact of learning-by-doing on the timing and costs of CO2 abatement Energy Economics 18.167
Leiby P & Rubin J 2001 Intertemporal permit trading for the control of greenhouse gas emissions Environmental and Resource Economics 17.552
Parson E & Keith D 1998 Fossil fuels without CO2 emissions Science 17.410
Dowlatabadi H 1998 Sensitivity of climate change mitigation estimates to assumptions about technical change Energy Economics 17.135
Ambrosi P et al. 2003 Optimal control models and elicitation of attitudes towards climate damages Environmental Modeling and Assessment 16.660
Kemfert C 2005 Induced technological change in a multi-regional, multi-sectoral, integrated assessment model (WIAGEM): Impact assessment of climate policy strategies Ecological Economics 16.043
Mendelsohn R et al. 2000 Country-specific market impacts of climate change Climatic Change 15.853
Reilly J et al. 2001 Climate change: Uncertainty and climate change assessments Science 15.469
Valverde A Jr et al. 1999 Sequential climate decisions under uncertainty: An integrated framework Environmental Modeling and Assessment 15.447
Manne A & Richels R 2001 An alternative approach to establishing trade-offs among greenhouse gases Nature 15.264

4.2.6.3 Summary

TBD.

4.2.7 Research Area 7

4.2.7.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Davidsson P 92 Journal of Business Venturing 276 Jönköping International Business School 114 entrepreneurship 429 Shane S & Venkataraman S (2000) Academy of Management Review 111
Wiklund J 55 Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 197 University of Virginia 66 innovation 121 Shane S (2000) Organization Science 83
Shane S 44 Organization Studies 162 Handelshøjskolen, Aarhus Universitet 63 institutional theory 119 Venkataraman S (1997) Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergen… 70
Korsgaard S 42 Small Business Economics 111 University of Colorado at Boulder 63 entrepreneurialism 107 Kirzner I (1997) Journal of Economic Literature 63
Fiet J 41 Journal of Management Studies 85 Imperial College London 59 opportunity recognition 106 DiMaggio P & Powell W (1983) American Sociological Review 52
Sarasvathy S 41 Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 81 The University of Warwick 54 institutional entrepreneurship 84 Kirzner I (1973) Competition and Entrepreneurship 49
Venkataraman S 35 Academy of Management Review 66 Indiana University 51 opportunities 82 Meyer J & Rowan B (1977) American Journal of Sociology 46
Harmeling S 35 Organization Science 56 University of Alberta 49 entrepreneurial opportunity 78 Aldrich H (1999) Organizations Evolving 45
Alvarez S 34 Journal of Small Business Management 40 Queensland University of Technology QUT 48 social entrepreneurship 73 Eisenhardt K (1989) Academy of Management Review 45
Sine W 31 Academy of Management Journal 38 University of Louisville 41 institutional change 70 Sarasvathy S (2001) Academy of Management Review 45

4.2.7.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Renko M et al. 2012 Perception of entrepreneurial opportunity: A general framework Management Decision 16.808
Korsgaard S 2011 Opportunity formation in social entrepreneurship Journal of Enterprising Communities 16.484
Cliff J et al. 2006 New to the game and questioning the rules: The experiences and beliefs of founders who start imitative versus innovative firms Journal of Business Venturing 16.238
Aliaga-Isla R & Rialp A 2012 How Do Information and Experience Play a Role in the Discovery of Entrepreneurial Opportunities? The Case of Latin-American Immigrants in Barcelona Latin American Business Review 16.153
Ihrig M et al. 2006 The knowledge-based approach to entrepreneurship: linking the entrepreneurial process to the dynamic evolution of knowledge International Journal of Knowledge Managem… 16.031
Gorling S & Rehn A 2008 Accidental ventures-A materialist reading of opportunity and entrepreneurial potential Scandinavian Journal of Management 15.010
Davidsson P et al. 2006 Institutional forces: The invisible hand that shapes venture ideas? International Small Business Journal 14.865
Di Gregorio D 2005 Re-thinking country risk: Insights from entrepreneurship theory International Business Review 14.549
Dahlqvist J & Wiklund J 2012 Measuring the market newness of new ventures Journal of Business Venturing 14.249
Ravasi D & Turati C 2005 Exploring entrepreneurial learning: A comparative study of technology development projects Journal of Business Venturing 14.071

4.2.7.3 Summary

TBD.

4.3 Technical description

In a bibliographic coupling network, the coupling-strength between publications is determined by the number of commonly cited references they share, assuming a common pool of references to indicate similarity in context, methods, or theory. Formally, the strength of the relationship between a publication pair \(i\) and \(j\) (\(s_{i,j}^{bib}\)) is expressed by the number of commonly cited references.

\[ s_{i,j}^{bib} = \sum_m c_{i,m} c_{j,m} \]

Since our corpus contains publications which differ strongly in terms of the number of cited references, we normalize the coupling strength by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Here, we weight the intercept of two publications’ bibliography (shared refeences) by their union (number of all references cited by either \(i\) or \(j\)). It is bounded between zero and one, where one indicates the two publications to have an identical bibliography, and zero that they do not share any cited reference. Thereby, we prevent publications from having high coupling strength due to a large bibliography (e.g., literature surveys).

\[ S_{i,j}^{jac-bib} =\frac{C(i \cap j)}{C(i \cup j)} = \frac{s_{i,j}^{bib}}{c_i + c_j - s_{i,j}^{bib}} \]

More recent articles have a higher pool of possible references to co-cite to, hence they are more likely to be coupled. Consequently, bibliographic coupling represents a forward looking measure, and the method of choice to identify the current knowledge frontier at the point of analysis.

5 Zooming in the systainability transitions community

In the first scan it can clearly be seen, that the core of the sustainability transitions community resides in com2. So, lets zoom in a bit there and look at its internal structure. So, I did a second round of community detection inside com2 to identify the sub-communities within sustainability transitions. Lets see what we find.

5.1 ST Research Areas Main Summary

5.1.1 Main Characteristics

In this case, we find 6 ST internal communities.

5.1.2 Development

5.2 ST internal Research Areas in detail

5.2.1 Research Area 1

5.2.1.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Geels F 306 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 861 University of Sussex 887 sustainability transitions 936 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Research Policy 245
Raven R 196 Journal of Cleaner Production 678 Wageningen University and Research Centre 534 multi-level perspective 823 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 230
Bulkeley H 184 Sustainability (Switzerland) 594 Utrecht University 358 sustainability 800 Geels F (2002) Res. Policy 137
Smith A 183 Energy Policy 583 UCL 353 transition 747 Geels F (2004) Research Policy 123
Marvin S 147 Research Policy 476 Cardiff University 352 innovation 706 Smith A et al. (2005) Research Policy 115
Kern F 140 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 431 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 339 transitions 689 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Res. Policy 112
Longhurst N 139 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 397 Delft University of Technology 300 governance 500 Smith A et al. (2010) Research Policy 99
Leeuwis C 130 Energy Research and Social Science 383 University of Manchester 291 energy transition 476 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) Human Choice and Climate Change 78
Hodson M 130 Environment and Planning A 251 Linköpings universitet 290 climate change 469 Shove E & Walker G (2007) Environment and Planning A 76
Rohracher H 129 Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 220 Lunds Universitet 275 socio-technical transitions 409 Geels F (2011) Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 67

5.2.1.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
De Laurentis C 2015 Innovation and Policy for Bioenergy in the UK: A Co-Evolutionary Perspective Regional Studies 42.073
Essletzbichler J 2012 Renewable Energy Technology and Path Creation: A Multi-scalar Approach to Energy Transition in the UK European Planning Studies 40.517
Schwanen T 2013 Sociotechnical transition in the transport system Moving Towards Low Carbon Mobility 38.017
Hargreaves T et al. 2013 Up, down, round and round: Connecting regimes and practices in innovation for sustainability Environment and Planning A 37.551
Fuenfschilling L & Truffer B 2014 The structuration of socio-technical regimes - Conceptual foundations from institutional theory Research Policy 37.326
Rosenbloom D et al. 2016 Framing the sun: A discursive approach to understanding multi-dimensional interactions within socio-technical transitions through the case of solar… Research Policy 34.969
Ingram J 2015 Framing niche-regime linkage as adaptation: An analysis of learning and innovation networks for sustainable agriculture across Europe Journal of Rural Studies 34.941
Jorgensen U 2012 Mapping and navigating transitions - The multi-level perspective compared with arenas of development Research Policy 34.319
Ingram J et al. 2015 Interactions between Niche and Regime: An Analysis of Learning and Innovation Networks for Sustainable Agriculture across Europe Journal of Agricultural Education and Exte… 34.288
Pesch U 2015 Tracing discursive space: Agency and change in sustainability transitions Technological Forecasting and Social Change 34.229

5.2.1.3 Internal network structure

5.2.1.4 Summary

TBD.

5.2.2 Research Area 2

5.2.2.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Sovacool B 102 Science Technology and Human Values 166 University of Twente 238 innovation 180 Hughes T (1983) Networks of Power: Electrification in West… 88
Geels F 72 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 160 Delft University of Technology 170 actor-network theory 157 Hughes T (1987) The Social Construction of Technological S… 61
Hanseth O 66 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 117 Maastricht University 130 technology 151 Bijker W et al. (1987) The Social Construction of Technological S… 49
Bijker W 57 Energy Research and Social Science 117 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 126 social construction of technology 124 Akrich M (1992) Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studi… 40
Jorgensen U 51 Energy Policy 105 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet 110 actor network theory 114 Winner L (1980) Daedalus 39
Lovell H 50 Social Studies of Science 102 Lancaster University 109 expectations 101 Latour B (1987) Science in Action: How to Follow Scientist… 38
Hyysalo S 46 Research Policy 84 University of Edinburgh 107 infrastructure 84 Latour B (1987) Science in Action 37
Wilson M 45 Information Society 57 Universitetet i Oslo 97 nanotechnology 77 Callon M (1986) Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology … 34
Michael M 43 New Media and Society 53 University of Sussex 97 sustainability 77 Pinch T & Bijker W (1987) The Social Construction of Technological S… 34
Rip A 42 Journal of Strategic Information Systems 52 Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Univers… 77 information technology 74 Latour B (1991) A Sociology of Monsters: Essays on Power, … 33

5.2.2.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Geels F 2004 Understanding system innovations: A critical literature review and a conceptual synthesis System Innovation and the Transition to Su… 37.275
Geels F 2004 From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory Research Policy 25.984
Garud R & Gehman J 2012 Metatheoretical perspectives on sustainability journeys: Evolutionary, relational and durational Research Policy 23.808
Yoo Y et al. 2005 The role of standards in innovation and diffusion of broadband mobile services: The case of South Korea Journal of Strategic Information Systems 22.024
Weber M 2007 The neo-Schumpeterian element in the sociological analysis of innovation Elgar Companion to Neo-Schumpeterian Econo… 21.122
Hoyssa M & Hyysalo S 2009 The fog of innovation: Innovativeness and deviance in developing new clinical testing equipment Research Policy 19.114
Dafoe A 2015 On Technological Determinism: A Typology, Scope Conditions, and a Mechanism Science Technology and Human Values 18.787
Van Lieshout M 2001 Configuring the digital city of Amsterdam: Social learning in experimentation New Media and Society 18.407
Bijker W 2009 Social Construction of Technology A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology 17.950
Jorgensen M & Jorgensen U 2009 Green technology foresight of high technology: A social shaping of technology approach to the analysis of hopes and hypes Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 17.843

5.2.2.3 Internal network structure

5.2.2.4 Summary

TBD.

5.2.3 Research Area 3

5.2.3.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Loorbach D 345 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 373 Erasmus University Rotterdam 730 transition management 738 Rotmans J et al. (2001) Foresight 320
Rotmans J 308 Journal of Cleaner Production 248 Delft University of Technology 474 sustainability 557 Smith A et al. (2005) Research Policy 97
Brown R 296 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 243 Monash University 331 transitions 472 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 90
Kemp R 232 Futures 178 Wageningen University and Research Centre 289 transition 429 Geels F & Schot J (2007) Research Policy 76
Frantzeskaki N 161 Ecology and Society 161 University of East Anglia 197 governance 342 Loorbach D (2010) Governance 67
Whitmarsh L 153 Sustainability (Switzerland) 155 University of Sussex 196 innovation 293 Loorbach D (2007) Transition Management: New Mode of Governa… 56
Grin J 138 Research Policy 148 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 160 sustainable development 282 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) Human Choice and Climate Change 56
Avelino F 122 International Journal of Sustainable Devel… 126 University of Amsterdam 158 sustainability transitions 197 Geels F (2005) Technological Transitions and System Innov… 54
Haxeltine A 122 Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 120 Maastricht University 148 socio-technical transitions 188 Shove E & Walker G (2007) Environment and Planning A 49
Bergman N 113 Energy Policy 115 Leuphana Universität Lüneburg 135 multi-level perspective 157 Geels F (2004) Research Policy 42

5.2.3.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Brunori G et al. 2012 On the New Social Relations around and beyond Food. Analysing Consumers’ Role and Action in Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale (Solidarity Purchasing Groups) Sociologia Ruralis 36.584
Chappin E & Ligtvoet A 2014 Transition and transformation: A bibliometric analysis of two scientific networks researching socio-technical change Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 35.493
Warnke P et al. 2008 Transition pathways towards user-centric innovation International Journal of Innovation Manage… 35.458
Werbeloff L et al. 2016 Pathways of system transformation: Strategic agency to support regime change Environmental Science and Policy 34.585
Matthias Weber K et al. 2014 ICT-enabled system innovations in public services: Experiences from intelligent transport systems Telecommunications Policy 32.123
Schilperoord M et al. 2008 Modelling societal transitions with agent transformation Computational and Mathematical Organizatio… 29.674
Pekkarinen S et al. 2011 Clashes as potential for innovation in public service sector reform International Journal of Public Sector Man… 27.017
van Staveren M et al. 2014 Let<U+FFFD>s bring in the floods: de-poldering in the Netherlands as a strategy for long-term delta survival? Water International 26.322
Smith A et al. 2010 Innovation studies and sustainability transitions: The allure of the multi-level perspective and its challenges Research Policy 25.628
Zhang M 2016 Meso-level factors in technological transitions: The development of TD-SCDMA in China Research Policy 25.112

5.2.3.3 Internal network structure

5.2.3.4 Summary

TBD.

5.2.4 Research Area 4

5.2.4.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Geels F 413 Energy Policy 692 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 700 strategic niche management 520 Unruh G (2000) Energy Policy 178
Raven R 275 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 295 Wageningen University and Research Centre 288 multi-level perspective 337 Kemp R et al. (1998) Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 142
Foxon T 184 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 270 University of Sussex 212 innovation 330 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 103
Smith A 171 Journal of Cleaner Production 245 Delft University of Technology 170 sustainability 296 Rip A & Kemp R (1998) Human Choice and Climate Change 101
Kemp R 160 Research Policy 209 University of Twente 167 transition management 253 Unruh G (2002) Energy Policy 74
Verbong G 134 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 108 Cardiff University 151 transition 239 Geels F (2005) Technological Transitions and System Innov… 66
Berkhout F 89 Technology in Society 96 University of Leeds 127 sustainable development 205 Schot J et al. (1994) Futures 58
Pearson P 83 System Innovation and the Transition to Su… 90 University of Edinburgh 123 system innovation 155 Geels F (2004) Research Policy 56
Dijk M 82 Futures 68 Imperial College London 122 co-evolution 150 Hoogma R et al. (2002) Experimenting for Sustainable Transport: T… 55
Schot J 77 Science Technology and Human Values 65 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 121 governance 144 Kemp R et al. (1998) Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 53

5.2.4.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Geels F 2005 Processes and patterns in transitions and system innovations: Refining the co-evolutionary multi-level perspective Technological Forecasting and Social Change 28.460
Raven R 2007 Co-evolution of waste and electricity regimes: Multi-regime dynamics in the Netherlands (1969-2003) Energy Policy 27.083
Geels F & Kemp R 2007 Dynamics in socio-technical systems: Typology of change processes and contrasting case studies Technology in Society 27.005
Foxon T 2007 Technological lock-in and the role of innovation Handbook of Sustainable Development 25.715
Foxon T 2006 Bounded rationality and hierarchical complexity: Two paths from Simon to ecological and evolutionary economics Ecological Complexity 25.399
Simmie J et al. 2014 New technological path creation: evidence from the British and German wind energy industries Journal of Evolutionary Economics 25.369
Foxon T 2013 Technological Lock-In Encyclopedia of Energy, Natural Resource, … 25.162
Geels F & Kemp R 2006 Transitions, Transformations, and Reproduction: Dynamics in Socio-Technical Systems Flexibility and Stability in the Innovatin… 23.967
Elzen B et al. 2004 Socio-technical scenarios as a tool for transition policy: An example from the traffic and transport domain System Innovation and the Transition to Su… 23.832
Geels F & Schot J 2007 Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways Research Policy 23.149

5.2.4.3 Internal network structure

5.2.4.4 Summary

TBD.

5.2.5 Research Area 5

5.2.5.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Hekkert M 409 Technological Forecasting and Social Change 498 Utrecht University 377 technological innovation systems 418 Jacobsson S & Johnson A (2000) Energy Policy 118
Truffer B 222 Energy Policy 490 Chalmers University of Technology 315 technological innovation system 389 Bergek A et al. (2008) Research Policy 115
Jacobsson S 208 Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 258 Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Devel… 279 innovation system 301 Hekkert M et al. (2007) Technological Forecasting and Social Change 107
Markard J 182 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 243 Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science… 274 innovation policy 278 Jacobsson S & Bergek A (2004) Industrial and Corporate Change 91
Suurs R 143 Research Policy 230 Lunds Universitet 236 innovation systems 273 Unruh G (2000) Energy Policy 77
Negro S 131 Science and Public Policy 139 Linköpings universitet 160 innovation 247 Markard J & Truffer B (2008) Research Policy 74
Coenen L 130 Journal of Cleaner Production 97 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 151 sustainability 194 Carlsson B & Stankiewicz R (1991) Journal of Evolutionary Economics 72
Bergek A 110 European Planning Studies 79 Wageningen University and Research Centre 137 policy 178 Geels F (2002) Research Policy 67
Sanden B 95 Sustainability (Switzerland) 78 Studier av innovasjon, forskning og utdanning 134 renewable energy 171 Jacobsson S & Lauber V (2006) Energy Policy 67
Raven R 90 Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 66 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 124 biofuels 151 Bergek A et al. (2008) Res. Policy 66

5.2.5.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Vidican G et al. 2012 An empirical examination of the development of a solar innovation system in the United Arab Emirates Energy for Sustainable Development 21.878
Lovio R & Kivimaa P 2012 Comparing Alternative Path Creation Frameworks in the Context of Emerging Biofuel Fields in the Netherlands, Sweden and Finland European Planning Studies 21.555
Picard F & Cabaret K 2014 Politique europ<U+FFFD>enne de l’<U+FFFD>nergie et transition vers un syst<U+FFFD>me <U+FFFD>nerg<U+FFFD>tique d<U+FFFD>carbon<U+FFFD> fond<U+FFFD>e sur les Smart Grids Innovations 21.513
Edsand H 2017 Identifying barriers to wind energy diffusion in Colombia: A function analysis of the technological innovation system and the wider context Technology in Society 21.307
van Alphen K et al. 2009 The performance of the Norwegian carbon dioxide, capture and storage innovation system Energy Policy 21.169
Jacobsson S & Bergek A 2011 Innovation system analyses and sustainability transitions: Contributions and suggestions for research Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 20.449
Markard J & Truffer B 2008 Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective: Towards an integrated framework Research Policy 20.412
Dewald U & Truffer B 2011 Market formation in technological innovation systems-diffusion of photovoltaic applications in Germany Industry and Innovation 19.868
Kebede K et al. 2014 Looking for innovation system builders: A case of Solar Energy Foundation in Ethiopia African Journal of Science, Technology, In… 19.640
Meelen T & Farla J 2013 Towards an integrated framework for analysing sustainable innovation policy Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 19.639

5.2.5.3 Internal network structure

5.2.5.4 Summary

TBD.

5.2.6 Research Area 6

5.2.6.1 Most central authors, journals, institutions, most cited references

Authors
Journals
Institutions
Keywords
Most cited References
AU dgr.f SO dgr C dgr.f DE dgr CR n
Walker G 50 Energy Policy 222 Lancaster University 68 renewable energy 156 Walker G (2008) Energy Policy 65
Devine-Wright P 38 Energy Research and Social Science 57 University of Sussex 54 community energy 98 Walker G & Devine-Wright P (2008) Energy Policy 54
Seyfang G 36 Local Environment 46 University of Exeter 48 community 69 Mitchell C et al. (2006) Energy Policy 38
Smith A 33 Sustainability (Switzerland) 37 University of East Anglia 36 energy transition 46 Walker G et al. (2010) Energy Policy 38
Toke D 25 Renewable Energy 23 University of Manchester 28 community renewable energy 45 Seyfang G & Smith A (2007) Environmental Politics 35
Hielscher S 23 Geoforum 18 University of Birmingham 24 grassroots innovations 31 Walker G & Cass N (2007) Area 34
Simcock N 18 Environment and Planning A 13 University of Twente 22 energy 27 Wustenhagen R et al. (2007) Energy Policy 34
Gormally A 18 Journal of Cleaner Production 13 University of Durham 22 strategic niche management 27 Walker G et al. (2007) Global Environmental Politics 30
Convery I 17 Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate C… 12 Nottingham Trent University 17 wind power 26 Jacobsson S & Lauber V (2006) Energy Policy 29
Rogers J 17 Environmental Innovation and Societal Tran… 12 University of Cumbria 17 grassroots innovation 25 Rogers J et al. (2008) Energy Policy 29

5.2.6.2 Most central publications

AU PY TI SO dgr
Walker G 2011 The role for ‘community’ in carbon governance Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate C… 10.460
Jeong Y et al. 2012 Making power differently: Exploring the motives and meanings of community renewable energy development in cases from the UK and South Korea Advances in Ecopolitics 9.590
Walker G & Simcock N 2012 Community energy systems International Encyclopedia of Housing and … 8.818
Magnani N & Osti G 2016 Does civil society matter? Challenges and strategies of grassroots initiatives in Italy’s energy transition Energy Research and Social Science 7.682
Gormally A et al. 2014 "“They made gunpowder… yes down by the river there, that’s your energy source”": attitudes towards community renewable energy in Cumbria Local Environment 7.597
Hoppe T et al. 2015 Local governments supporting local energy initiatives: Lessons from the best practices of Saerbeck (Germany) and Lochem (The Netherlands) Sustainability (Switzerland) 7.197
Hielscher S et al. 2011 Community innovation for sustainable energy Working Paper - Centre for Social and Econ… 6.952
Yalcin-Riollet M et al. 2014 Energy autonomy in Le Men<U+FFFD>: A French case of grassroots innovation Energy Policy 6.932
Park J 2012 Fostering community energy and equal opportunities between communities Local Environment 6.888
Hicks J & Ison N 2011 Community-owned renewable energy (CRE): Opportunities for rural Australia Rural Society 6.854

5.2.6.3 Internal network structure

5.2.6.4 Summary

TBD.